The use of smart contracts is one of the most important use cases of cryptocurrencies. In fact, Ethereum, the top 2 cryptocurrency (in 2022 at least), specializes in smart contracts.
However, spend a while in the crypto space, and you’ll quickly notice that hundreds if not thousands of currencies are out there, often with similar functions.
The same is true with the use of smart contracts. A lot of new cryptocurrencies followed the footsteps of Ethereum and specialized in smart contracts too. Some utilized existing programming languages, while others decided to develop their own.
C, C#, and C++
These are general-purpose programming languages but can be utilized to write smart contracts on the EOS blockchain.
Cadence
Cadence is a resource-oriented programming language used for writing smart contracts on the Flow blockchain.
Clarity
Clarity is a decidable language developed to bring smart contracts to Bitcoin.
Daml
Daml is a smart contract language developed by Digital Asset.
Glow
Glow is a smart contract language in development that aims to be compatible with all blockchains.
Go/Golang
Go, or Golang is a programming language developed by Google, which can be used to write smart contracts on Ether.
Haskell
Haskell is another general-purpose programming language used as a basis by Cardano’s Plutus and Marlowe.
Javascript
Javascript is a general-purpose programming language that can be used to write smart contracts on Ethereum and EOS.
LIGO
LIGO is a smart contract language used in the Tezos blockchain.
LLL
LLL is an abbreviation for Low-level Lisp-like Language. It is another language used to write smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.
Marlowe
Marlowe is a smart contract language based on Haskell used in the Cardano ecosystem.
Michelson
Michelson is another smart contract language developed for the Tezos blockchain.
Miniscript
Miniscript is a smart contract language written in 2019 to be used in the Bitcoin blockchain.
Minsc
Minsc is a high-level scripting language for the Bitcoin network and is meant to be compatible with Miniscript.
Move
Move is a programming language based on Rust developed by Facebook for the Libra blockchain.
Obsidian
Obsidian is a new smart contract language for blockchain platforms. Support for the Ethereum blockchain is in development.
Pact
Pact claims to be the most user-friendly smart contract language and is being used in the Kadena blockchain.
Plutus
Plutus, just like Marlowe, is a smart contract language based on Haskell used in the Cardano ecosystem.
Rell
Rell or Relational Language is a language-centric programming language used in the Chromia blockchain.
Rholang
Rholang is a blockchain language used in the Rchain blockchain.
Rust
Rust is another general-use programming language used to develop smart contracts in the NEAR Protocol.
sCrypt
sCrypt is a high-level smart contract language for Bitcoin SV.
Simplicity
Simplicity is another blockchain language developed for Bitcoin.
SmartPy
Smartpy is another smart contract language used in the Tezos ecosystem available on the Python library.
Solidity
Solidity is a programming language initially developed for Ethereum but is being used in other blockchains as well.
Sophia
Sophia is a smart contract language developed and used in the Aeterntiy chain.
SQL
SQL is a general-purpose programming language used to write smart contracts in Ethereum through Sandcastle.
TEAL
Transaction Execution Approval Language or TEAL is a programming language used in the Algorand chain.
Vyper
Vyper is a pythonic programming language used in Ethereum.
Yul
Yul is an intermediate language used for the Solidity compiler.
Disclaimer: This is meant as an all-encompassing list. If a language was excluded from the list, please leave a comment. The list will be updated ASAP.
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All Smart Contract Languages (2022) was originally published in Coinmonks on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.